Retinopathy in patient with AC hemoglobinopathy / Retinopatia em pacientes com hemoglobinopatia AC

Abstract Hemoglobin C is the second most frequent Hb variant in Brazil and the world. Hemoglobin C trait is described as a benign and asymptomatic condition. There is little information in the literature about the association of retinal vascular disease and the presence of hemoglobin AC, being this information restricted to a few case reports. This case report describes a 26-year-old female patient with hemoglobin C trait. She presents areas of non-perfusion and arteriovenous shunts in the retinal temporal periphery of the left eye, like changes in Goldberg's stage II of proliferative sickle retinopathy. After three years of follow-up, the patient exhibits the same the alteration in right eye as well.

Resumo A hemoglobina C é a segunda variante de hemoglobina mais comum no Brasil e no mundo. O traço C é descrito como uma condição benigna e assintomática. Há pouca informação na literatura sobre a associação de doença vascular retiniana e a presença de hemoglobina AC, sendo esta informação restrita a alguns poucos relatos de casos. Este relato de caso descreve uma paciente do gênero feminino de 26 anos de idade com traço C. Ela apresenta áreas de não perfusão e shunts artério-venosos na periferia temporal da retina do olho esquerdo, similar ao estágio II de Goldberg de retinopatia proliferativa falciforme. Após três anos de acompanhamento, a paciente apresentou a mesma alteração também em olho direito.

Frequency of increased mean platelet volume in patients suffering from hypertensive retinopathy

The pathophysiological mechanism of hypertensive retinopathy is not fully established. It is thought that increased platelet activation may play a role in its pathogenesis. As mean platelet volume is a marker of platelet activation, so this study was designed to answer the question: does mean platelet volume increase in hypertensive retinopathy. To determine frequency of increased mean platelet volume in hypertensive retinopathy. Cross-sectional study. Six months. Outpatient department of Medical. unit III, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. 138 patients of essential hypertension with hypertensive retinopathy of all ages and both sexes were included. For grading of hypertensive retinopathy according to the Keith Wagener classification, direct ophthalmoscopy was performed in all the subjects and mean platelet volume was measured after taking the blood sample. The mean platelet volume was found to be normal [10 fl] were found in 41 patients [29.7%], of these 19 were males while 22 were females. In patients of grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy, the mean platelet volume was 9.1 +/- 0.6 fl. In grade 2, 3 and 4 hypertensive retinopathy the values of mean platelet volume were 9.6 +/- 0.5 fl, 10.1 +/- 0.3 fl and 10.7 +/- 0.6 fl respectively. This study concluded that frequency of mean platelet volume is increased in patients of hypertensive retinopathy and frequency increases with increasing the severity of hypertensive retinopathy

Lipemia retinalis in a 35-day-old infant with hyperlipoproteinemia: case report / Lipemia retinalis em recém-nascido com 35 dias: relato de caso

A rare case of hyperlipropoteinemia in a 35-day-old infant who presented not only high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides but also an ocular manifestation described as lipemia retinalis. The fundoscopic abnormality cleared as the levels of chilomicrons in plasma dropped. Lipemia retinalis is an important and reliable parameter of high levels of chilomicrons and triglycerides and should be considered as a significant clue while diagnosing.

Caso raro de hiperlipoproteinemia em recém-nascido com 35 dias de idade. Identificados altos níveis de colesterol e triglicérides associados a manifestãção ocular descrita como lipemia retinalis. As alterações oculares mostraram melhora uma vez que os níveis séricos foram controlados. Lipemia retinalis é parâmetro confiável e importante a ser considerado como suspeita de alterações de colesterol e triglicérides em crianças e em adultos.

Serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypertensive retinopathy.

Increased serum level of low-density lipoprotein is associated with coronary artery disease. There are, however, no reports on whether the same is true in hypertensive retinopathy. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out to evaluate the serum level status of low-density lipoprotein in hypertensive retinopathy, including 30 randomly selected subjects with hypertensive retinopathy; age and gender matched 26 hypertensives without fundus changes. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were assessed in all subjects. Results showed statistically significant (p < 0.0196) higher serum levels of LDL-C in hypertensive patients with retinopathy (mean +/- SD = 2.45 +/- 1.76 mmol/l, SE = 0.33 and 95% CI = 1.79-3.11 vs mean +/- SD = 1.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, SE = 0.08 and 95% CI = 1.44-1.76). An increased serum level of LDL-C is associated with hypertensive retinopathy.

Raised platelet thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances in proliferative Eales' disease.

BACKGROUND: Platelets are an elective site for oxidative stress owing to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Increased lipid peroxidation and elevated platelet thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) signal oxidative stress. This possibly leads to retinal neovascularization in Eales' disease. METHODS: TBARS levels were estimated in consecutive cases of Eales' disease with neovascularisation (n = 26), Eales' disease without neovascularisation (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 17). RESULTS: Platelet TBARS levels in the cases of Eales' disease with neovascularisation, Eales' disease without neovascularisation, and healthy controls were 0.66 +/- 0.1, 0.57 +/- 0.11 and 0.42 +/- 0.14 n moles TBARS formed/hour/10(8) platelets respectively. Student's t-test showed a significant increase in platelet TBARS levels in cases with neovascularisation as compared to cases without neovascularization (p < 0.05) and healthy controls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The increase in platelet TBARS levels in proliferative Eales' disease is consistent with an emerging view that lipid peroxides may be associated with retinal neovascularisation.

Lipaemia retinalis in a case of juvenile diabetic ketoacidosis.

A rare case of diabetic retinal lipaemia is described in a 5-year-old child.

Immunological status of patients of Eales' disease.

To test the hypothesis that altered immune reactivity to an extraneous agent might lead to primary retinal perivasculitis, a study was undertaken to determine the serum immunoglobulin levels, T lymphocyte subsets, antibody responses to BCG and 'S' antigen, and lymphoproliferative response to mitogens. No difference was observed in these parameters between patients and controls. Both Mantoux positive and negative conditions existed in patients with Eales' disease. Mantoux positive patients showed a higher level of lymphoproliferative response in vitro to PPD than Mantoux positive controls, indicating the presence of two populations among Eales' patients.